I have struggled to find words that could be used consistently to translate the Greek words in this study. I don't think I will completely succeed, but the exercise is interesting. The problem with the word goodness is that it is so general that it includes all the other virtues. From the Oxford American Dictionary:
Of all these words denoting moral excellence, goodness is the broadest in meaning. It describes an excellence so well established that it is thought of as inherent or innate and is associated with kindness, generosity, helpfulness, and sincerity.
I have selected a few of the texts and have reproduced them here along with some paraphrases using the word graciousness (from the Apostolic Bible) and generosity (from the paragraph above) to see how they sound.
Gal 5:22 Apostolic Bible (AB) – But the fruit of the spirit is love, joy, peace, leniency, graciousness, goodness, trust,...
Gal 5:22 Complete Jewish Bible (CJB) – But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness...
Gal 5:22 Biblical Prospector Paraphrase 1 (BPP1) – But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, tolerance, graciousness, goodness, faithfulness...
Gal 5:22 Biblical Prospector Paraphrase 2 (BPP2) – But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, tolerance, generosity, goodness, faithfulness...
I am starting to like generosity because it seems to be a more active word; it suggests a helpfulness and a giving spirit.
Rom 3:12 AB – All have turned aside, together they became useless: there is not one having graciousness; there is not even one.
Rom 3:12 CJB – all have turned away and at the same time become useless; there is no one who shows kindness, not a single one!
Rom 3:12 BPP1 – All have turned away and they have become useless: there is no one who shows graciousness, not a single one!
Rom 3:12 BPP2 – All have turned away and they have become useless: there is no one who shows generosity, not a single one!
I am reminded that the goodness or kindness that Jesus described in Matthew 25:34-36: "Then the King will say to those on His right hand, 'Come, you blessed of My Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world: for I was hungry and you gave Me food; I was thirsty and you gave Me drink; I was a stranger and you took Me in; I was naked and you clothed Me; I was sick and you visited Me; I was in prison and you came to Me.'"
Eph 2:7 AB – that he should demonstrate in the eons, in the ones coming the exceeding riches of his favor, in graciousness upon us in Christ Jesus.
Eph 2:7 CJB – in order to exhibit in the ages to come how infinitely rich is his grace, how great is his kindness toward us who are united with the Messiah Yeshua.
Eph 2:7 BPP1 – in order to demonstrate in the ages to come how infinitely rich is his favor, how great is his graciousness toward us who are united with Jesus the Messiah.
Eph 2:7 BPP2 – in order to demonstrate in the ages to come how infinitely rich is his favor, how great is his generosity toward us who are united with Jesus the Messiah.
John 4:14 NKJV – but whoever drinks of the water that I shall give him will never thirst. But the water that I shall give him will become in him a fountain of water springing up into everlasting life.
Titus 3:4 AB – And when the graciousness and the humane treatment appeared of God our deliverer....
Titus 3:4 CJB – But when the kindness and love for mankind of God our Deliverer was revealed,...
Titus 3:4 BPP1 – But when the graciousness and love for mankind of God our Deliverer was revealed,...
Titus 3:4 BPP2 – But when the generosity and love for mankind of God our Deliverer was revealed,...
Rev 21:6 NKJV – And He said to me, “It is done! I am the Alpha and the Omega, the Beginning and the End. I will give of the fountain of the water of life freely to him who thirsts.
Psalm 21:3 AB – For you were with him beforehand in blessings of graciousness. You put upon his head a crown of precious stone.
Psalm 21:3 BPP1 – For you were with him beforehand in blessings of generosity. You put upon his head a crown of precious stone.
The fruit (results) of the Spirit described in Galatians 5:22 is the generous, giving spirit of Jesus. Jesus says that "no one is good but One", but yet he uses the same word to describe the faithful servant in Matthew 25:
Matt 19:17 NKJV – So He said to him, “Why do you call Me good (αγαθον – agathon – G18)? No one is good (αγαθος – agathos – G18) but One, that is, God. But if you want to enter into life, keep the commandments.”
Matt 25:21 NKJV – His lord said to him, “Well done, good (αγαθε – agathe – G18) and faithful servant; you were faithful over a few things, I will make you ruler over many things. Enter into the joy of your lord.’
I do like the word generosity in there also. It seems to fit well with one aspect (bountiful liberality) of the meaning of the word (haplotes - G572) that the KJV and NAS translate as "simplicity" in 2 Cor 11:3: the simplicity that is in Messiah. There is a simplicity, a generosity and liberality inherent in Jesus. And interestingly enough, although this may be a stretch, the root word that simplicity comes from (haplous - G573) is used in Matt 6:22 as the "single" eye to capture the Hebrew idiom for generosity "a good eye" (http://www.biblicalhebrew.com/nt/goodeye.htm).
ReplyDeleteThank you for the thoughtful comments.
ReplyDeleteI found a nice example of haplotes in the Prayer of David in 1 Chr 29.
1 Chr 29:17 Brenton Septuagint .... I have offered all these things in simplicity of heart....
The context is one of abundant giving.